I will try to keep it short.
Opera:
For years it is the fastest browser of the most well known browsers.
It is follows the standards (html and such), very well, better than IE, FF and Chrome.
It is highly configurable by the user.
Installing add-ons/plug-ins is easy but at your own risk. Not all are tested for security.
FireFox:
A decent browser, highly configurable by the user.
It does however have a downside. It has about the same amount of security flaws as Internet Explorer.
And for the add-ons/plug-ins. They have
not been tested for security.
So when you install one, it is at your own risk.
Internet Explorer:
Often called the browser with the most security flaws. But that is not true.
It is the most attacked browser since it is the most used one.
Installing plug-ins (like flash etc) is easy.
Add-ons are possible, but it require quiet some knowledge about IE/programming often if you want to do so.
Configuring? Yes it is possible as user to configure things. But not as many/easy as it is with Opera or FF.
Google Chrome:
You could call this the youngster amongst the browsers.
Of course it use is growing rapidly because of the promotion Google does for it.
Is it a decent browser? Sure it is.
Installing plug-ins is easy as it as in about all browsers.
Installing add-ons is a bit tricky sometimes. The reason is that most plug-ins are programmed "in a hurry".
What browser to use? Well that is a personal choice.
Is one browser better than another? yes and no. It depends on what you as user want/like. Speed, good looks?
And if someone thinks there are only a few browsers... Have a look
HERE