Windows Defender, on Win 7 and earlier, was "merely" anti-spyware.
Windows Defender, on Win 8, is a full-fledged anti-virus program... bascially, what used to be called MSE (in older windows) has been renamed "Defender" under windows 8. [Great source of confusion!]
It is enabled by default under a new "virgin" Win8 system. However, it's supposed to automatically monitor for the presence of another anti-virus program --- be it OEM installed or user installed --- and if found, automatically disable itself in favor of the alternative OEM/user program.
Defender is also supposed to re-enable itself if it "notices" that the alternative anti-virus program has either been uninstalled, or has become out-of-date (e.g., definitions over a month old).
As such, Win 8 will never be unprotected --- either the OEM/User choice is running, or else, it has default Defender protection.