Hi,
I realise this is an old topic but I'll start here since I've got such a similar problem.
A while ago one of my computers wouldn't boot after a Windows Update. I managed to roll that back and have done a bit more investigating into what updates had not been working. And one of the ones that seems to keep failing to install is:
"Security Intelligence Update for Microsoft Defender Antivirus - KB2267602 (V..."
I sought some advice and they suggested I turbined off the Avast real time protection. Whilst thinking about that I found this topic and, since it seemed to describe the same situation as I find myself in, I uninstalled Avast. However I couldn't get Windows Defender to start, it gave me a message saying that the service couldn't be started.
"The service couldn't be started."
I tried Windows Update anyway and my computer locked up, no response to keyboard, mouse or brief presses of the power button...
I realise that this forum may not be able to help with the Windows Update (but if anyone has any suggestions, please let me know) but I am wondering if anyone has any advice on how to get Windows Defender started again after Avast switched it off.