I'm almost out of ideas, I'm afraid. There's some things I'd try in the way of troubleshooting, but without a real idea of how they'd cause the problem.
1) Try a couple of rootkit scans.
Some rootkits, and indeed, a lot of the serious malwares try to install unobtrusively. (Not like the rogue antivirus apps, where you know something is wrong.) They want to remain hidden, and can often do so using rootkit techniques. The files are hidden in what's called the alternate data stream (ADS - a feature of NFTS systems.) A lot of the regular scanners cannot see them to find and kill.
I would have thought that of the scans you have run, Superantispyware might have been able to find oone, but it is possibly worth trying with another. I'd try a couple of these
http://forum.avast.com/index.php?topic=38983.msg327358#msg3273582) Disable the TeaTimer in Spybot, if active. Could possibly be blocking something.
3) Search the computer for the "NTDLL.DLL" file. It should be in at least two locations. Compare them and advise if their is any differences in the sizes, versions.
I've taken the liberty of posting your original screenshots below, to make it easier for anyone more expert than me (there are quite a few
) to maybe give advice, here. I hope all this helps and leads to a resolution.