One example of the difference would be the scan logs.
My first full scan(on January 27) before populating the persistent cache took 48min 44sec to scan 51.26GB while my latest full scan took 17min 38sec to scan 49.03GB. In between these scans I'd updated some programs as well as the MS updates on Patch Tuesday which required those to be rescanned during the last scan. The reduction from 51.26 to 49.03GB was due to deleting a couple of installer files and running CCleaner to remove all the temporary files that had accumulated.
This is only an example, and during normal usage the variance would be different, so cannot be directly compared. Obviously, there were quite a few files that had been changed by the various OS and program updates that required rescanning of the contents but the majority of the files had been unchanged and only required verification that there was no change.
I have no way to determine which files were content scanned and which files were just checked for updates via persistent cache, nor how exactly that affected the scan time, nor do I care. Obviously, it's above my pay grade.