So, update. As usually, my computer resists being consistent. I plugged all of the drives back in the following order, and here's what happened:
- plugged in the other SSD - it told me that the drive needed to be checked for consistency, but then booted into windows without problem after it ran
- plugged in one of the HDDs and booted to the windows repair - no problems
- plugged in the other HDD and booted to the windows repair - no problems
Basically, now everything is plugged back in, and I can boot without problem and it takes me to the Windows login screen.
So, we've effectively done nothing but unplug and re-plug stuff, and now my problem is fixed. However, I'm not at all convinced we have resolved anything. Certainly, the other SSD is the only one showing any dicey evidence.
If you have any other suggestions for things I could do, I would appreciate it.
Steve