Okay, got hold of an older backup and was able to restore two thirds of lost data.
@DavidR: even if I had it in another folder, that one would have been destroyed. And an Antivirus shouldnt destroy data thats not virus. Regarding backups: two instances of backups were destroyed by Avast! while killing the primary file.

The whole situation is extremely shit, and while part of the lost data is still in replied messages in the outbox, received files are gone.

Basically I can live with rare false positives that are reversible, and with the memory leak a few years back, and the annoying "unprotected"-bugs last year or so (even if these things shouldnt happen). But this time I have to ask how far I can trust Avast! at all. I mean, that was not just one mistake, but a ton of them. The acclaimed Message was not detected when creating backups, receiving mails, or in previous scans. Now all of the sudden there is a phishing Mail, that Avast! has to handle (but why?! its not virus, just phish, I know its bad but it requires user input). And it failes a basic action of moving a file from A to B 3 times in a row, destroying the original files and the underlying data on the disk in the process, so that its impossible to recover. This is a shitload of failed tasks, which makes me wonder if this software is reliable around sensitive data. So, yeah, Im gonna look if there is a better, more reliable AV.