I will have to answer these questions next week when i'm in front of that machine again. If you could please be patient with me.
Sure we'll be here

But there was no expanded reason why any particular file was not scanned. When I clicked on one or any file it just read "unable to scan" but all files in the "results of the last scan" box were "unable to scan".
You must have a 'small' column width and you're not seeing the reason that should be there. Unable to scan due to program settings, for instance.
Please tell me how to change the exclusion list for next week when I'm in front of the machine with Avast again.
You need to use the Exclusion lists:
For the
Standard Shield provider (on-access scanning):
Left click the 'a' blue icon, click on the provider icon at left and then Customize.
Go to Advanced tab and click on Add button...
For the other providers (on-demand scanning such as the screen-saver or the Simple User Interface):
Right click the 'a' blue icon, click Program Settings.
Go to Exclusions tab and click on Add button...
You can use wildcards like * and ?.
But be careful, you should 'exclude' that many files that let your system in danger.