Well when you try to run any executable file, first avast will intercept the call, if it detects something then it will alert
I don't know what you mean by a destructive recovery of your system ?
If that means a repair install it wouldn't touch the AtlBrowser.exe file as that isn't a system file.
If you formatted the partition and reinstalled windows then it would be gone, so did you reinstall the browser and what was the source (that could be infected) ?
You don't say what OS it is or if the account you are using is a common/limited user account that would have permissions on that folder, etc. ?
Outside of trying to run a suspect file (not very wise), can you find it using windows explorer in the folder ?
If you do manage to find it - You could also check the offending/suspect file at:
VirusTotal - Multi engine on-line virus scanner and
report the findings here. You can't do this with the file securely in the chest, you need to extract it to a temporary (not original) location first, see below.
Create a folder called Suspect in the C:\ drive, e.g. C:\Suspect. Now exclude that folder in the
Standard Shield, Customize, Advanced, Add, type (or copy and paste) C:\Suspect\* That will stop the standard shield scanning any file you put in that folder. You should now be able to export any file in the chest to this folder and upload it to VirusTotal without avast alerting.
If it is indeed a false positive, see
http://forum.avast.com/index.php?topic=34950.msg293451#msg293451, how to report it to avast! and what to do to exclude them until the problem is corrected.