In the Update Settings, "Automatic update" is enabled by default. Does it refer to VPS updates?
Yes it does, but it doesn't have anything to do with the streaming updates received and how you think that "The 17 streaming updates were not included in the automatic update completed at 6:05 PM."
The auto update includes any previously released streaming updates, up to the point that that VPS update was released. Which is why the versions numbers are crucial to indicate what would be included in the released VPS update.
The VPS update may be completed (Last update received) at a certain time, which is your system time; you have to look at the Release Date, time of the VPS, its version number and streaming update version (the sub-folder name), to get a better idea of what streaming updates may have been included.